Лондон

The preparatory work for the British took about two years, and therefore the construction of one of the most famous bridges of England began in 1886 and lasted eight years: the official opening of Tower Bridge took place in the summer of 1894. Unfortunately, Horace Johnson died a year after the start of the construction work, and therefore John Wolff-Berry was appointed the chief architect.

In order to build one of the most famous on describing the sights of London, the British needed more than 1 million British pounds. Only in order to build towers and corridors for pedestrians, about eleven thousand tons of metal was used, and in order to protect the structure from rust, it was decided to coat the towers with granite and Portland stone. The work was not easy, they involved about 350 workers, ten of which were killed during construction.

Designed by Horace Jones Tower Bridge in London is a drawbridge, the length of which is 244 m with two metal structures of rectangular shape about 65 m high, resembling an elongated Gothic castle in the river. It is noteworthy that they were created not only to connect the pedestrian galleries among themselves, but also to hold the lifting part of the bridge and balance its rising spans. Since these towers were not installed on the shore, but in the Thames, they were placed on a very thick platform and connected to each other by two spans.

From below there was a 61 m long road and consisting of two 1,200-ton lifting spans which, during the passage of the vessel, rose at an angle of 83 °, enabling the ships to pass under the bridge to a cargo capacity of up to 20,000 tons. Thanks to the counterweights provided by the designer, which were attached to each lifting part of the structure, the bridge employees are able to dilute it in one minute. If before the roadway was bred using a hydraulic system consisting of eight engines (they were also responsible for the operation of elevators) and operating under the action of water vapor, now the system has been improved and operates on oil and electricity.

Interestingly, this London bridge was never divorced according to the schedule. Previously, flights were always lifted when a ship was to pass under it: during the approach of the ship to the construction, a signal sounded, which meant that the bridge would begin to divorce, after which all hurriedly left it, and the entrance was blocked by barriers.

It is worth noting that it was not always possible to leave the Tower Bridge in time. Once, for some reason, there was no signal to divorce the bridge, so the bus driver, Albert Ganton, who was traveling along the bridge, suddenly saw the Tower Bridge begin to climb. The decision was made instantly — he pressed the gas and jumped on another, not yet set in motion flight. This saved the life of him and twenty passengers (even twelve of them and received minor damage), and Ganton was awarded a prize of 10 pounds sterling.

Now the schedule though exists, but irregular and it is made for several months ahead by the requests of large ships, which need to pass the London bridge. Anyone wishing to see this event can find information about when this will happen on a special bridge site or on a notice board installed near Tower Bridge. It’s interesting that if the London bridge used to be bred about fifty times a day, now it’s only five or six times once a week. The timetable is created by the charitable organization «Fund of city bridges», behind which the Tower Bridge and other bridges of London are fixed.

Over the roadway of the sights, at an altitude of over forty meters, pedestrian galleries were built, which could be climbed up the spiral staircases to three hundred stairs or by means of elevators with a capacity of about thirty people. Interesting fact: in each tower there were two lifts — one was designed for descent, the second — for lifting. The pedestrian galleries were not very popular among the townspeople, as most preferred to wait until the ship passed by and look at the divorce bridge, than to climb a high lift or go in the elevator.

Conclusion.

Any tourist who visits London must be interested in places where the great playwright William Shakespeare worked. The best creations of the great genius were first staged at the legendary Globe Theater. The building itself, unfortunately, was burnt in the distant past, but now there is a reconstructed theater, located 200 meters from the former.

It is impossible not to mention a few more places that every tourist arriving in London must visit, who will come to London to visit. This is Trafalgar Square, and the Sherlock Holmes Museum, and the Madame Tussauds.

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