Влияние блокаторов ангиотензиновых рецепторов и антагонистов альдостерона на клиническое течение, диастолическую функцию левого желудочка и содержание биохимических маркеров баланса коллагена у пациен

Список литературы

1. Gaasch W. Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure based on left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction. JAMA 1994−271:1276—80.
2. Cohn J., Johnson G. Heart failure with normal ejection fraction: the V-HeFT study. Circulation 1990−81 (suppl III):48—53.
3. Vasan R., Benjamin E., Levy D. Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failure: an epidemiologic perspective. J. Am Coll Cardiol 1995−26:1565−74.
4. Cowie M., Wood D., Coats A., et al. Incidence and aetiology of heart failure. A popylation-based study. Eur Heart J 1999−20.421—28.
5. Diez J., Laviades C., Mayor G. et al. Increased serum concentrations of procollagen peptides in essential hypertension: relation to cardiac alterations. Circulation 1995−91:1450—6.
6. Diez J., Panizo A., Gil M. et al. Serum markers of collagen type I metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rates: relation to myocardial fibrosis. Circulation 1996:93:1026—32.
7. Weber K., BnlJa C. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstiaum: fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Circulation 1991−83:1849−65.
8. Weber K. Extracellular matrix remodelling in heart failure: a role for de novo angiotensin II generation. Circulation 1997−96'4065—82.
9. Bastien N., Juneau A, Ouellette J., et al. Chronic ATi receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in (CHF 146) cardiomyopathic hamsters: effects on cardiac hypertrophy and survival. J Cardiovascular Research 1999,43:77—-85.
10. Brilla С., Janicki J., Weber K. Cardioreparative effects of lisinopril in rats with genetic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 1991−83:1771−9.
11. Litwin S., Litwin C., Raya T., et al. Contractility and stiffness of noninfarcted myocardium after coronary ligation in rats: effects of chronic ACE inhibition. Circulation 1991 -83:1028—37.
12. Pfeffer J., Pfeffer M., Braunwald E. Influence of chronic captopril therapy on the infarcted left ventricle of die rat. Circ Res 1985−57:84—95.
13. Richer C., Fomes P., Cazaubon C, et al. Effects of long-term angiotensin II ATI receptor blockade on survival, hemodynamics and cardiac remodeling in chronic heart failute in rats. J Cardiovase Res 1999−41:100—8.
14. Aronow W., Kronzon I. Effects of enalapril on congestive heart failure treated with diuretics in elderly patients with prior myocardial infarction and normal left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol 1993−71:602—4.
15. Cuocolo A., Storto G., Izzo R., et al. Effects of valsartan on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension: comparison with enalapril. J Hypertens 1999−17:1759—66.
16. Friedrich S., Lorcll В., Rousseau M., et al. Intracardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves diastolic function in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis. Circulation 1994−90.2761—714.
17. Haber H., Powers E., G impie L., et al. Intracoronary angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves diastolic function in patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 1994−89:2616—25.
18. Pitt В., Zarrnad F., Remme W., et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999−341:709—17.
19. Pitt В., Remme W., Zannad F., et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003−348:1309−21.
20. Hillis G., Mollet J., Pellikka P., et al. Noninvasive estimation of left ventricular filling pressure by Е/e' is a powerful predictor of survival after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004,43:360—-7.
21. Ha J., Oh J., Pellikka P., et al. Diastolic stress echocardiography: a novel noninvasive diagnostic test for diastolic dysfunction using supine bicycle exercise Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005−18:63—S.
22. Rahimtoola S., Loeb II., Ehsani A., et al. Relationship of pulmonary artery to left ventricular diastolic pressures in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1972−46:283−90.
23. Arai M., Matsui H., Periasamy M. Sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Circ Res 1994−74:555—64.
24. De la Bastie D., Levitsky D., Rappaport L., et al. Function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and expression of its Ca2+ ATPase gene in pressure-overloaded cardiac hypertrophy in the rat. Circ Res 1990−66:554—64.
25. Penpargkul S., Repke D., Katz A., et al. Effect of physical training on calcium transport by rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Circ Res 1977−40:134−8.
26. Ishida Y., Meisner J., Tsujioka K., et al. Left ventricular filling dynamics' influence of left ventricular relaxation and left atrial pressure. Circulation 1986−74:187−96.
27. Gardin J., Dabestini A., 'l'akenaka K., et al. Effect of imaging view and sample volume location on evaluation of mitral flow velocity by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. AmJ Cardiol 1986−57:1335—9.
28. Appleton C, Hade L., Popp R. Relation of transmittal flow velocity patterns to left ventricular diastolic function: new insights from a combined hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiography study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988−12:426—40.
29. Villari B., Campbell S., Hess O., et al. Influence of collagen network on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in aortic valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993:22:1477—84.
30. Chapman D., Weber K, Eghbali M. Reguation of fibrillar collagen types I and III and basement membrane type IV collagen gene expression in hypertrophied rat myocardium. Circ Res 1990:67:787—94.
31. Weber K., Janicki J., Schroff S., et al. Collagen remodeling of the pressure-overloaded, hypertrophied nonhuman primate myocardium Circ Res 1988−62:757−65.
32. Hem S., Gaasch W., Schaper J. Giant molecule titin and myocardial stiffness. Circulation 2002:106:1302—4.
33. Cazorla O., Freiburg A., Helmes M., et al. Differential expression of cardiac titin isoforms and modulation of cellular stiffness. Cir Res 2000−86:59−67.
34. Nagueh S., Shah G., Wu Y., et al. Altered titin expression, myocardial stiffness, and left ventricular function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004−110.155—62.
35. Neagoe C., Kulke M., del Monte F., et al. Titin isoform switch in ischemic human heart disease. Circulation 2002−106:1333—41.
36. Paulus W. Pathophysiological mechanisms of impaired LV compliance. Voice appearance on Heart failure 2007,1 lamburg 10—13 June, 2007.
37. Weber K., Sun Y., Campbell S. Structural remodeling of the heart by fibrous tissue: Role of circulating hormones and locally produced peptides. Eur Heart J 1995−16(SupplN):12—8.
38. Spinale F. Matrix mettaloproteinases: regulation and dysregnlation in the failing heart. Circ Res 2002−890:520—30.
39. Spinale F., Coker M., Bond B., Zellner J. Myocardial matrix degradation and metalloproteinase activation in the failing heart: a potential therapeutic target. Cardiovasc Res 2000−46:225—38.
40. Bloor C., Nimmo L., McKirnan M., et al. Increased gene expression of plasminogen activators and inhibitors in left ventricular hypertrophy. Moll Cell Biochem 1997−176:265−71.
41. Sawyer D., Colucci W.: Molecular and cellular events in myocardial hypertrophy and failure. In Colucci WS ed.: Atlas of Heart Failure: Cardiac Function and Dysfunction. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Current Medicine, 2002, p 7.8.
42. Cluetjens J., Verluyten M., Smits J., Daemen M. Collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat heart. Am J Pathol 1995−147:325— 38.
43. Weismann H., Bush D., Mannisi J., et al. Cellular mechanisms of myocardial infarct expansion. Circulation 1988−78:186—201.
44. Gunja-Smith X, Morales A., Romanelli R., Woessner J. Remodeling of human myocardial collagen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: Role of metalloproteinases and pyridinoline cross links. AmJ Pathol 1996−148:1639—48.
45. Weber K., Anversa P., Armstrong P, et al. Remodeling and reparation of the cardiovascular system. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992−20:3—16.
46. Spinale F., Ishihra K., /ale M., et al. The structural basis for changes in left ventricular function and geometry due to chronic mitral regurgitation and following correction of the volume overload. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993−106:1147—57.
47. Spinale F., Coker M., Thomas C., et al. Time-dependent changes in matrix mettaloproteinase activity and expression during the progression of congestive heart failure: relation to ventricular and myocyte function. Circ Res 1998−82:482—95.
48. Tyagi S., Kumar S., Banks J., Fortson W. Co-expression of tissue inhibitor and matrix mettaloproteinase in myocardium. J Moll Cell Cardiol 1995−27:2177−89.
49. Weber K., Brilla C., Janicki J. Myocardial fibrosis: functional significance and regulatory factors. Cardiovasc Res 1993−27:341—8.
50. Oldershaw P., Brooksby I., Davies M., et al. Correlations of fibrosis in endomyocardial biopsies from patients with aortic valve disease. Br Heart J 1980−44:609−11.
51. Cheitlin M., Rubinowitz M., McAllister H., et al. The distribution of fibrosis in the left ventricle in congenital aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. Circulation 1980−62:823—30.
52. Brilla C., Maisch B. Regulation of the structural remodeling of the myocardium: from hypertrophy to heart failure. Eur Heart J 1994−15 (suppl D):45—52
53. Hein S. Progression from compensated hypertrophy to failure in the pressure-overloaded human heart Structural deterioration and compensatory mechanisms. Circulation 2003:107:98−1—91.
54. Lopes B, Gonzalez A., Varo N., et al. Biochemical assessment of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease. Hypertension 2001−38:1222−6.
55. Chua C, Hamdy R., Chua B. Agiotensin II induces TIMP-1 production in pat heart endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996−1311:175— 80.
56. Tan 1, Jalil J., Pick R., et al. Cardiac myocite necrosis induced by angiotensin II. Circ Res 1991−69:1185—95.
57. Ratajska A., Campbell S, Sun Y., et al. Angiotensin II associated cardiac myocite necrosis: role of adrenal catecholamines. Cardiovasc Res 1994−28:684—90.
58. Woessner J. Jr. Matrix metalloprotein. ises and their inhibitors in connective tissue remodeling. FASEB J 1991−131:2145—54.
59. Levy D., Anderson K., Savage D. Echocardiographically detected left ventricular hypertrophy: Prevalence, and risk factor. The Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1988−108:7—13.
60. McDermott M. Heart failure between 1986 and 1994: Temporal trend in drug-prescribing piactices, hospital readmissions, and survival at an academic medical center. Am Heart J 1997−134:901—9.
61. Inouye I., Massie B., Loge D., et al. Abnormal left ventricular filling: Early findings in mild to moderate systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1984−53:120−6.
62. Lorell B., Grossman W. Cardiac hypertrophy: the consequences for diastole. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987−9:1189—93.
63. Rivas-Gotz C, Manolios M., Thohan V., et al. Impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on estimation of left ventricular filling pressures using tissue Doppler and flow propagation velocity. Am J Cardiol 2003−91:780—4.
64. Nngueh S., Middleton K., Kopelen 11., et al. Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997−30:1527—33.
65. Nagueh S., Lakkis N., Middleton K., et al. Doppler estimation of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1999−99:254−61.
66. Thomas J., Wcyman A. Echocardiography Doppler evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function: Physics and physiology. Circulation 1991−84:977−90.
67. Klein A., Hatle L., Taliercio C., et al. Prognostic significance of Doppler measures of diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis: a Doppler echocardiography study. Circulation 1991−83:808—16.
68. Xie G., Berk M., Smith M., et al. Prognostic value of Doppler transmitral flow patterns in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994−24:132−9.
69. Little W., Oh no M., Kitzman D., et al. Determination of left chamber stiffness from the time for deceleration of early left ventricular filling. Circulation 1995−92:1933−9.
70. Appleton C., Hatle L. The natural history of left ventricular filling abnormalities: assessment by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Echocardiography 1992−9:437—57.
71. Nishimura R., Abel M., I lade L., et al. Assessment of diastolic function of the heart: background and current applications of Doppler echocardiography. Part II: clinical studies. Mayo Clin Proc 1989−64:181—204.
72. Klein A., Abdalla I., Murray R-, et al. Age independence of the difference in duration of pulmonary venous atrial reversal flow and transmitr. il A-wave flow in normal subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998−11:458—65.
73. Shan K., Bick R., Poinde. ter B., et al. Relation of tissue Doppler derived myocardial velocities to myocardial structure and beta-adrenergic receptor density in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000−36:891—6.
74. Sohn D., Chai I., Lee D., et al. Assessment of mitral annulus velocity by Doppler tissue imaging m the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997−30:474−80.
75. Garcia M., Smedira N., Greenberg N., et al. Color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity is a preload insensitive index of left ventricular relaxation: animal and human validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000−35:201—8.
76. Brun P., Tnbouilly C., Duval A., et al. Left ventricular flow propagation during early filling is related to wall relaxation: a color M-mode Doppler analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992−20:420—32.
77. Stugaard M., Smiseth O., Risoe C., et al. Intraventricular early diastolic filling during acute myocardial ischemia, assessment by multigated color M-mode Doppler echocardiography. Circulation 1993−88:2705—13.
78. Garcia M., Ares M., Asher C-, et al. An index of early left ventricular filling that combined with pulsed Doppler peak E velocity may estimate capillary wedge pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997−29:448—54.
79. Nagueh S., Mikati I., Kopelen IL, et al. Doppler estimation of left ventricular filling pressure in sinus tachycardia: a new application of tissue Doppler imaging. Circulation 1998−98:1644—50.
80. Nagueh S., Kopelen 11, Quinones M. Assessment of left ventricular filling pressures by Doppler in the presence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1996−94:2138−45.
81. Nishimura R., Tajik A. Evaluation of diastolic filling of left: ventriele in health and disease: Doppler echocardiography is the clinician’s Rosetta Stone. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997−30.8—18.
82. Hasegawa II., Little W., Ohno M., et al. Diastolic mitral annular velocity during the development of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003−41:1590−7.
83. Ohte N., Narita IL, Akita S., et al. Striking effects of left ventricular systolic performance on propagation velocity of left ventricular early diastolic filling flow. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001−14:1070—4.
84. Nagueh S., Appleton C., Gillebert T., et al. Recommendations for die evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009−22:107−33.
85. Temporelli P., Scapellato F., Corra U., et al. Estimation of pulmonary wedge pressure by transmitral Doppler in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1999−83:724—7.'
86. Cliinllo F., Bmnazzi G, Barbiero M., et al. Estimating mean pulmonary pressure in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation from transthoracic Doppler indexes of mitral and pulmonary venous flow velocity. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997−30.19—26.
87. Sohn D., Song J., Zo J., et al. Mitral annulus velocity in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in atrial fibrillation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999−12.927—31.
88. Francis G. Vasoactive hormone systems. In Poole-Wilson, et al. (cds): Heart failure. Oxford, Churchill Livingstone, 1997:215—34.
89. Yamamoto K-, Burnett J., Jougasaki M., et al. Superiority of brain natriuretic peptide as hormonal marker of ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction and ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension 1996−28.988—94.
90. Iwanaga Y., Nishi I., Furuiichi S., et al. B-type natriuretic peptide strongly reflects diastolic wall stress in patients with chronic heart failure: comparison between systolic and diastolic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006−47:742—8.
91. Hama N., Itoh H., Shirakami G., et al. Rapid ventricular induction of brain natriuretic peptide gene expression in experimental acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995−92:1558—64.
92. Troughton R., Prior D., Pereira J., et al. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in systolic heart failure: importance of left ventricular diastolic function and right ventricular systolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004−43:416—22.
93. Mariano-Goulart D., Eberle M., Boudousq V., et al. Major increase in brain natriuretic peptide indicates right ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2003−5:481—8.
94. Hunt J., Yandle T., Nicholls M., et al. The amino-terminal portion of pro—brain natriuretic peptide (Pro-BNP) circulates in human plasma. Biochem Biphys Res Commtin 1995−214:1175—83.
95. Lainchbury J., Campbell E., Frampton C., et al. Brain natriuretic peptide and n-terminal brain natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of heart failure in patients with acute shortness of breath. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003−42:728—35.
96. Yoshimura M., Yasue II., Okumura K., et al. Different secretion patterns od atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993−87:46−1—9.
97. Watanabe S., Shite J., Takaoka II., et al. Myocardial stiffness is an important determinant of the plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration in patients with both diastolic and systolic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2006−27:832—8.
98. Nishikimi T., Yoshihara F., Morimoto A., et al. Relationship between left entricular geometry and natriuretic peptide levels in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1996−28:22—30.
99. Redfield M., Rodeheffer R., Jacobsen S., et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration: impact of age and gender. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002,40.976—82.
100. Tsutimoto T, Wada A, Sakai H., et al. Relationship between renal function and plasma brain natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006−47:582−6.
101. Wang T., Larson M., Levy D., et al. Impact of obesity on plasma natriuretic pqitide levels Circulation 2004−109:594—600.
102. McGullough A., Due P., Omland T., et al. B-type natriuretic peptide and renal function in the diagnosis of heart failure: an analysis from Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2003−41:571—9.
103. Lukowicz T., Fischer M., Hense H., et al. BNP as a marker of diastolic dysfunction in the general population: importance of left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur J Heart Fail 2005−7:525—31.
104. Nishikumi T., Matsuoka H. Routine measurement of natriuretic peptide to guide the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure. Circulation 2004−109:e325—6.
105. Mehra M., Uber A., Walther D., et al. Gene expression profiles and B-type natriuretic peptide elevation in heart transplantation: more than a hemodynamic marker. Circulation 2006−114(1 Suppl):121—6.
106. Joung B., Ha J., Ko Y., ct al. Can pro-brain natriuretic peptide be used as a noninvasn e predictor of elevated left ventricular diastolic pressures in patients with normal systolic function? Am Heart J 2005−150:1213—9.
107. Kazanegra R., Cheng V., Garcia A., et al. A rapid test for B-type natriuretic peptide correlate, with falling wedge pressures in patients treated for decompensated heart failure- .1 pilot study. J Cardiol Fail 2001−7:21—9.
108. O’Neill J., Bott-Silverman C, McRae A. 3rd, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide levels are not a surrogate marker for invasive hemodynamics during management of patients with severe heart failure. Am Heart J 2005−149:363—9.
109. Krishnaswamy P., Lubien E, Clopton P., et al. Utility of B-natriuretic pepetide levels in identifying patients with left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Am J Med 2001−111:27−4—9.
110. Lubien E., DeMatia A, Krishnasw amy P., et al. Utility of B-natriuretic pepetide in detecting diastolic dysfunction: comparison with Doppler velocity recording. Circulation 2002,105 595—601.
111. Kitzman D., Litde W., Brubaker 11., et al. Pathophysiological characterization of isolated diastolic heart failure in comparison to systolic heart failure. JAMA 2002−288:2144−50.
112. Bursi F., Weston S., Redfield M., et al Systolic and diastolic heart failure in the community. JAMA 2006−296:2209—16.
113. Tschope C., Kasner M., Westermann D, et al. The role of NT-proBNP in the diagnostics of isolated diastolic dysfunction: correlation with echocardiographic and invasive measurements Eur Herat J 2005−26:2277—84.
114. Kessler K. Heart Failure with normal systolic function. Update of prevalence, differential diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Arch Intern Med 1988−148:2109−11.
115. Manson M., Hagley M., Hall A, et al Relationship of the fourth heart sound to atrial systolic transmittal flow deceleration. Am J Physiol 1997−272:H1527—1136.
116. Manson M., Nudelman S., Hagley M., et al. Relationship of the third heart sound to transmitral flow velocity deceleration. Circulation 1995−92:388−94.
117. Kitzman D., Higginbotham M., Cobb F., et al. Ecrcise intolerance in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function: failure of the Frank-Starling mechanism. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991−17:1065—72.
118. Cuocolo A., Sax F., Brush J., et al. Left ventncular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic filling in essential hypertension: diastolic mechanisms for systolic dysfunction during exercise. Circulation 1990,81.978—86.
119. Little W., Downes T. Clinical evaluation of left ventncular diastolic performance. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1990−32:273—90.
120. Gilbert J., Glantz S. Determinants of left ventricular filling and of the diastolic pressure-volume relation. Circul Res 1989,64 827—52.
121. Ishikura F., Redfield M. Doppler echocardiography assessment of diastolic function in congestive heart failure: emphasis on clinical utility. Heart failure 1998−14:78−96.
122. Thomas J., Choong C., Flachskamph F., et al. Analysis of the early transmittal Doppler velocity curve: effect of primary physiologic changes and compensatory preload adjustment. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990−16:644—55.
123. Smith V., Schulman P., Karimeddini M., et al. Rapid ventricular filling in left ventricular hypertrophy: II. Pathologic hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985−5:869−74.
124. Frohlich E., Apstein C., Chobanian A., et al. The heart in hypertension. N Engl J Med 1992−327:998—1008.
125. Dahlof B., Pennert K., Hansson L. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: A meta-analysis of 109 treatment studies. Am J Hypertension 1992−5:95—110.
126. Lopez B., Querejeta R., Varo N. Usefulness of serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I in assessment of the cardioreparative ability of antuhypertensive treatment in hypertensive patients. Circulation 2001−104'286—91.
127. Querejeta R., Varo N., Lopez B., et al. Serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I is a marker of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2000−101:1729—35.
128. Varo N., Iraburu M., Varela M., et al. Chronic AT (1) blockade stimulates extracellular collagen type I’degradation and reverses myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 200Q-35:1197—202.
129. Li H., Simon II., Boc. in T., Peterson J. MMP/TIMP expression in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats: the effect of ACE- and MMP-I inhibition. Cardiovasc Res 2000−46:298—306.
130. Brilla C., Matsubara L., Weber K. Advanced hypertensive heart disease in spontaneously hypertensive rats: lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis. Hypertension 1996−28:269—75.
131. Diez J., Querejeta R., Lopes B, et al. Losartan-dependent regression of myocardial fibrosis is associated with reduction of left ventricular chamber stiffness in hypertensive patients. Circulation 2002−105:2512—7.
132. Ilasenfuss G. Alterations of calcium regulatory proteins in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 1998−37:279—89. 1
133. Nishimura R., Schwartz R., Holmes D., et al. Failure of calcium channel blockers to improve ventricular relaxation in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993−21:182−8.
134. Wollert K., Studer R., Doerfer K., et al. Differential effects of kinins on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial collagen matrix in the surviving myocardium after myocardial infarction in the rat Circulation 1997−95:1910—7.
135. Ohkubo N., Matsubara H., Nozawa Y., et al. Angiotensin t) pe 2 receptors are reexpressed by cardiac fibroblasts from failing myopathic hamster hearts and inhibit cell growth and fibrillar collagen metabolism. Circulation 1997−96:395−1—62.
136. Horiuchi M., Akishita M., Dzau V. Recent progress in angiotensin II type 2 receptor research in the cardiovascular system. Hypertension 1999−33:613−21.
137. Matsubara H. Pathophysiological role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in cardiovascular and renal diseases. Cir Res 1998−83:1182—91.
138. Tsutsumi H., Matsubara H., Ohkubo N., et al. Angiotensin type 2 receptor is upregulated in human heart with interstitial fibrosis, and cardiac fibroblasts are the major cell type for its expression. Circ Res 1998−83:1035—46.
139. Kawano II., Cody R., Graf K., et al. Angiotensin II enhances integrin and alpha-actinin expression in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. Hypertension 2000−35:273−9.
140. Brilla C., Funck R., Rupp H. Lisinopril mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2000−102:1388−93.
141. Yusuf S., Pfeffer M., Swedberg K., et al. Effects of cabdesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet 2003−362:777−81.
142. Massie B., Carson P., McMurray J., et al. Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2008−359.—.
143. Cleland J., Tendera M., Adamus J., et al. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. Eur Heart J 2006−27:2338—45.
144. Struthers A. Why does spironolactone improve mortaity over and above an ACli inliibitor in chronic heart failure? Br J Clin Pharmaco 1999−47:479−82.
145. Sun Y., Zhang J., LuL., et al. Aldosterone-induced inflammation in the rat heart: Role of oxidative stress. Am J Pathol 2002−161:1773—81.
146. Mugge A., Schmitz W., Schollz H. Negative inotropic effects of aldosterone antagonists in isolated human and guinea pig ventricular heart muscle. Klin Wochenschr 1984−62:717−23.
147. Yoshimura M., Nakamura S., Ito T., et al. Expression of aldosterone synthase gene in failing human heart Quantitative analysis using modified real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002−87:3936—40. '
148. Masson S., Staszewsky L., Annoni G., et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, improves diastolic function in aged rats with small-to-moderate myocardial infarction. J Card Fail 2004−10:433−41.
149. Mottram P., Haluska B., Leano R., et al. Effect of aldosterone antagonism on myocardial dysfunction in hypertensive patients with diastolic heart failure. Circulation 2004−110:558—65.
150. Rocha R-, Chander P., Khanna K., et al. Mineralocorticoid blockade reduces vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive heart Hypertension 1998−31:451−8.
151. McFayden R., Barr C., Struthers Л. Aldosterone blockade reduces vascular collagen turnover, improves heart rate variability and reduces early morning rise in heart rate in heart failure patients. Cardiovasc Res 1997−35:30—4.
152. Laviades С., Varo N., Fernandez J., et al. Abnormalities of the extracellular degradation of collagen type I in essential hypertension, Circulation 1998−98:535−40.
153. Nagueh S., Rao L., Soto J., et al. Haemodynamic insights into effects of ischaemia and cycle length on tissue Doppler-derived mitral annulus diastolic velocities. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004−106:147−54. '
154. Bruch C., Stypmann J., Gradaus R., et al.' Usefulness of tissue Doppler imaging for estimation of filling pressures in patients with primary or secondary pure mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 2004,93:324—8.
155. Diwan A., McCulloch M., Lawrie G., et al. Doppler estimation of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with mitral valve disease. Circulation 2005−111:3281−9.
156. Yamada H., et aL Prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by Doppler echocardiography: clinical application of the Canadian consensus guidelines. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002−15:1238—44.
157. Garcia M, Thomas J., Klein A. New Doppler echocardiography applications for the study of diastolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998−32:865—75.
158. Kodama S., Iwata 1С, Iwata H., et al. Rapid one-step sandwich enzyme immuboassay for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases: an application for rheumatoid arthritis serum and plasma. J Immunol Methods 1990−127:103-—8.
159. Kh.mna A., Li В., Stenzel K., Suthanthiran M. Regulation of new DNA synthesis in mammalian cells by cyclosporine: demonstration of a transforming growth В factor dependent mechanism of inhibition of cell growth. Transplantation 1994−57:577—82.
160. Meikko J., Niemi S., RisteliL. Radioimmunoassay of the carboxyterminal propeptide of human type I procollagen. Clin Chem 1990−36:1328— 32.
161. Risteli J., Elomaa I., Niemi S., et al Radioimmunoassay for the pyridinoine cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen: a new serum marker of bone collagen degradation. Clin Chem 1993−39:635—40.
162. Levin E., Gardner D., Samson W. Natriuretic peptides. N Engl Med 1998−339:321—8.
163. Valli N., Gobinet A., Bordenave L. Review of 10 years of the clinical use of brain natriuretic peptide in cardiology. J Lab Clin Med 1999−134.437—44.
164. Grodecki P., Klein A. Pitfalls in the echo-Doppler assessment of diastolic function. Echocardiography 1993−10:213−34.
165. Yamaguchi Н., Yoshida J, Yamamoto К., et al. Elevation of plasma brain natriuretic peptide is a hallmark of diastolic heart failure independent of ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004−43:55—60.
166. Nagueh S., Sun H., Kopelen 11., et al. Hemodynamic determinants of the mitral annulus diastolic velocities by tissue Doppler. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001−37:278−85.
167. Mullens W., Borowsky A., Curtin R., at al. Tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of intracardiac filling pressure in decompensated patients patients with advanced systolic heart failure. Circulation 2009−119.62—70.
168. Tschope C., Paulus W. Is echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic function useful in determining clinical care? Doppler echocardiography yields dubious estimates of left ventricular diastolic pressures. Circulation 2009−120:810—20.
169. Topol E., Traill Т., Fortuin N. Hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the elderly. N Engl J Med 1984−312:277—83.
170. Grossman V. Diastolic dysfunction in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991−325:1557—64.
171. Овчинников А., Ссрбул В., Агеев Ф. Влияние блокаторов ренип-аншотензиповой системы на гипертрофию левого желудочка и биохимические маркеры баланса коллагена у больных с гипертонической гипертрофией. «Терапевтический архив» 2009,81:64—71.
172. Okubo S, Niimura F., Nishimura H, et al. Angiotensin-indcpcndent mechanism for aldosterone synthesis during chronic extracellular fluid volume depiction. J Clin Invest 1997−99:855—60.224. Mimran, 1999
173. Opie L., Poole-Wilson P., Pfeffer M. Angiotensin-Converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotcnsin-II receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. In: Opie L., Gersh B. (eds): Drugs for the heart (6th ed). Elsevier Saunders 2005- p.p. 104—48.
174. Vijan S., et al. Treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus: blood pressure goals, choice of agents, and setting pnorities in diabetes care. Ann Intern Med 2003−138:593—602.
175. GISEN Study Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologia in Nefrologia). Renal functions and requirement for dialysis in chronic nephropathy patients on long-term ramipril: REIN follow-up trial. Lancet 1998−352:1252—6.
176. Reggenenti P., et al. Renoprotective properties of ACE-inhibition in non-diabetic nephropathies with non-nephrotic proteinuria. Lancet
177. Агеев Ф., Сербул В., Овчинников Л. Влияние ингибитора АПФ эналаприла и антагониста рецепторов к А-11 кандесартана, а также п комбинации на индекс массы миокарда ЛЖ у пациентов с гипертонической гипертрофией ЛЖ. Журнал Сердечная Недостаточность
178. Schwartz A. and Chatterjee K. Vasodilator therapy in chronic congestive heart failure. Drugs 1983−26:148—73.
179. Johns D., Ayers C. and Williams S. Dilation of forearm blood vessels after angiotensin-converting-enzymc inhibition by captoptil in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1984−6:545—50.
180. Grassi G., Gattaneo B., Seravae G., et al. Effects of chronic ACE inhibition on sympathetic nerve traffic and barorefex control of circulation in heart failure. Circulation 1997−96:1173−9.
181. Fung J., Yu C., Yip G., et al. Effect of beta blockade (carvedilol or metoprolol) on activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and natriuretic peptides in chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2003−92:406−10.
182. Rousseau M., Gunic O., van Eyll C., et al. Effects of benazeprilat on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and neurohumoral status in patients with ischemic heart disease. Circulation 1990−81(2 Suppl).III123—9.
183. Wu A., Smith A., Wieczorek S., et al. Biological variation for N-terminal pro- and B-type natriuretic peptides and implications for the therapuet-ic monitoring of patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2003−92:628—31.
184. Bruins S., Fokkema M., Romer J., et al. High intraindividual variation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and amino-terminal proBNP in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Clin Chem 2004−50:2052—8.1999−354:359−64.2007−8:60—8.